Regulator for dynamo-electric machines



(No Model.) I

J. E. WATSON.

REGULATOR FOR DYNAMO ELEGTR 10 MACHINES.

Patented June 1'7, 1884.

I .NV'EJV'TOR QLMMW Attorney WITNESSES N. PETERS Phowumo m her, Washinghm, D4 C.

r The lower end of the central electro-magnct ENTITLED STATES Parana @rrrcn.

REGULATQR FOR DiNAii l BPECIFZCATEON forming cart of Letters O ELECTREC MACHH JES.

Patent No. 300,420, dated June 17, 1884.

Application filed September 24, 1883. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN E. \VATSON, a citizen of the United States, resident at Louisville, in the county of J eiferson and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Regulators for Dynamo-Electric Machines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact de scription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of an elevation of the regulator. Fig. 2 is a IOl'lgIlJlldlllitl sectional view of the dynamomachine, and Fig. 3 is a detail view showing the iron cores and the extended pole-piece.-

This invention has relation to regulators for dynamo-electric machines; and itconsists in the construction and novel arrangement of devices, as will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims appended.

A A A designate three electromagnets, the two outside ones being wound in the same direction, while the center one is wound in the opposite direction, said magnets being formed of two or more courses of No. 14. insulated copper wire perfectlyinsulated from the iron cores and also from the spool-heads, should the spool-heads be made of metal, as the cores of the electro-magnets are a portion of the shunt-circuit. These electric-magnets are to be connected in branches of the main or lamp circuit, and are constructed in this peculiar manner in order to offer the least resistance to the passage of the main current passing through them. This mode of winding is used in order to have the two outside electr o-magnets of a like polarity, leaving the center electromagnet of an opposite polarity, thus giving two bipolar electro-magnets.

B B designate a soft-iron yoke, into which are screwed or otherwise secured the soft-iron cores of the three c1ectro-magnets A A A.

core is provided with a flat elongated head or terminal, 0' To this elongated head are fastened the two current-reversing armatures F and F by two pieces of thin steel, in order to make them flexible.

F and F designate two soft-iron pole-changing or current -revcrsing armatures having flexible ends, which are attached to the elongated head 0* of the central electro-magnet.

The opposite ends of the armatures F and F are each provided with two platinum points, one on each side of the armature. Securely attached to, but insulated from the two softiron armatures, F and F, are two metallic return strips or keys, F and F, which must be made slightly elastic, having their extreme ends also provided with two platinum points each, one on each side of the keys or strips.

G and G designate two insulating-blocks of any suitable non-conducting material, separating the two keys or strips F and F from the two softiron armatures F and F.

H and II designate two metallic stops, each provided with two platinum points on each side of the stops. The two stops are securely fastened to the braces or stands K and K. To the stop II is secured a wire connection, supplying the current to the fine wire wound on the outside of the coarse wire of the field-magnets No. 1 and No. 3, and to the stop H is secured a wire connection, supplying the current to the fine wire wound on the outside of the coarse wire of the field-magnets No. 2 and No. 41-.

I and I designate two metallic brackets securely fastened to the braces or stands K and K, but so fastened as to insulate the brackets I and I from the two stops II and H. The ends'ot' the two brackets I and I are bent inward, so as to face each side of the stops H and H, said bent ends being provided with ad just-able platinum-points.

J, J, J, and J designate four metallic screws fitting tight in the ends of the brackets I and 1, having their ends terminating in platinum points to be capable of nice adjustment in the two brackets I and I. To the bracket I is secured a wire connection from the fine wire on the outside of the field-magnet No. 8, and to the bracket I is secured a wire connection from the fine wire on the outside of the field-magnet No. 4.

K and K designate two braces or stands, made of any suitable non-conducting material,

suitably secured to the case .[l- To the two braces or stands IQ and K are secured the two stops 1i and 11 and the two brackets I. and 11, but so attached as to insulate the stop if from the bracket l, and the stop H from the brachet 1.

L designates any suitable l'orm ot' case or frame for receiving the reguhtting mechanism and composed of any suitable material.

M designates a metallic strip or plate secured to the cross-piece Il'iot' the case or frame 1), against which o "icrate the thumlHn'its and X. To the strip M is secured a. wire connection, 1], connecting the strip M. to the negative or return wire ll ot the main orlamp circuit.

S and ts" designate two spiral springs at- (1161101110 the two metallic strips or keys F" and F, with their free ends termiiuiting in two square or triangular screw ends, which pass through the strip or plate M, and are provided with two metallic nuts each, N andlfl, and are intended to secure the proper tension to the armaturcs l and 1*", and also to scrveas a pathway for the 1eturn-current from the fine wire wound on the outside ol' the held-magnets ol' ance magnets A A A, and show the manner of connecting the magnets in the main or lamp circuit.

in designates a wire connection, being the termination of the derived circuit from the positive wire of the main or lamp circuit D, commencing at the point .l., and ciimnecting direetl to the yoke 1"), making the core of the electro-magnet A. a partol' the derived or shunt circuit to supply the current to the line wire wound on the outside of the field-mag nets of the dyuamo-ehuztric machine. The changes necessary to be made in the dynanur electric machine, making it a part 01' the regulator, are as Follows:

"I designates the tranu or stand of the dyname.

I? designates the journal boxes or hearing, in which fits the armatlire-shalt It.

X X :X. X designate the iron cores, on which is wound the :[inc and coarse wire forming the lilflddllttglltfi's.

X X X. X designate the extended polepieces, secured to the cores ol'the dynamo, and between which rotates the armature 0.

\V \V \V \V designate the space around the iron cores of the iield-magnets, in which is wound the coarse wire.

Z Z Z '1" 71 desigualclhe bobbins wound on the revolving armature.

T designates the commutator.

'V 'V" designate the metallic brushes for taking up the current induced in the arnur ture.

Ii? l l. l designate the spootheads on the held-magnets, between which is conlined the coarse and iine wire forming the said liehl' magnets.

l. make no further claims to any improvement in the dynanloclectric machine more than the mode of constructing the .iield-magnetsviz., winding them i'irst with coa rse wi re next the iron cores; then on the outside of the coarse wire winding a greater number ol' turns of line wire. The coarse wire on the liehi-magnets is all connected together in series, and connecting through the line, brush, and armature hack to the coarse wire ol' the held-magnet. cores, making the coarse wire ol. the holdcoils a part of the main, or lamp circuit. The line wire, however, is connected from the main line in a derived circuit, and each iliagonallyopposite pair of coils are connected together, back through the eurrcnt-reversing mechanism to the negative wire ol the main line or lamp-circuit.

The ll'lOdO of operation of this cnrreut-rogulating device is as follows, viz: At the commei'urement of rotation of the armature of the tiyllttlHO-OIOCtllU machine, which rotates between the polepieces oi the lield-nuu nets, there will he sut'licient residual magnetism to induce an electric current in the ri'zvolring armature, whiclnheing gathered by the brushes sent out on the line, through the lamps, back around the .lield-magnet through the coarse wire, ineri'rasing the '.n1agnctis1n ol' the Iield, which causes a further indi'lction ol current in the revolving armature and line until. snl'iicient current has been induced to partially i'orm ares at theiunctitm ol" the carbons in the lamps, which action places: 11 increased resist ance in the ma in circuittwhich resist a nee causes a certain amount of the cin'rent in the main circuit, commencing at the point Tl. on the posh 'tive wire of the main, circuit to he shunted, through the wire in to the yoke Ill 01' the electro-magnets A. ,A. A, core ol" central magnet, if, armaturcs F and 17 ot the polc-ohz'niging mechanism, stops ill and ill", wire connections (1. and i) to the iino wire wound on the outside ot' the iich'l-magnets No. 11 and No. :3 by the wire oi'u,a ud the held-magnetslNo. l and No. ilQby the linewircb,thesefield-magnetsbeingdiagonally opposite each otlu and connected together. Thus No. it and No. I; are connectci'l together by their terminating inside wire, and iine=wire coils on No. 2 and No. 4; are connected together by their terminating inside wires, thus making the line-wi re magnet-coils wound on the outside of the emu-so wire of the iiehlmagnets No. 1 and No. 3 of an opposite polarity, and also the line coils on the outsideol' the coarse wire of the held-magnets life. L and ill:

No.4 of an opposite polarity; but bear in mind that the line wire forming the high-1e sistance coils on the outside of the coarse wire forming the field-magnet coils of the dynamoeleetric machine is wound in exactly the same direction as the coarse wire. Now, by the wire connections a and b from the out-side ends of the fine-wire coils on the field-magnets to the brackets I and 1, lower adjustable point of platina to the platina points on the strips or keys I and F, spiral springs S and S, square or triangular screws and 0, nuts N and N, plate M, wire connection M, to the negative or return wire E of the dynamo-electric machine. Now, so long as the spiral springs tension is sufliciently great to keep the armatures F and F and the keys F and F in contact with their lower points, as shown in the drawings, then the shunted current will flow through the coils on the outside of the coarse wire of the field-magnets in the same direction as the main current flows through the coarse wire of the same field, thereby increasing their magnetism greatly, or until sufficient current has been induced in the revolving armature to light up to or near to the normal are all the lamps in circuit. After having all the lamps in circuit lighted is the time to adjust the tension of the spiral springs S and S, and they are to be so adjusted that one of the pole-changing or ourrent-reversing armatures F and F will be attracted by the electro magnets A A A in advance of the other-that is, the tension on the spiral spring of one shall be somewhat greater than the otherin order that it will require the electro-magnets A A A to be more strongly magnetized to attract the second pole changing or reversing armature. Now, we will suppose one or more lamps on the main circuit to be switched or automatically cut out of circuit. IVe will then have more current than needed to maintain the remaining lamps; hence the arcs of the lamps then in circuit would tend to become longer, increasing the resistance, and at the same time shunting more current, which causes the increase of current sufficient to increase the magnetism of the eleetro-magnets A A A, attracting the weaker polechanging or current -revcrsing armaturel'or instance, say Fopening the circuit, supplying the shunt-current to the out side fine wire of one pair of .fi.eld-n1agnetssay No.1 and X0. 3these magnets being diagonally opposite to each other and of opposite polarity, when the thus attracted armature will either remain open or commence vibrating just sufficiently to neutralize the fields to the extent of the one or more lamps cut out of circuit by weakening the field-magnetism by depriving one pair of field-magnets of the assistance of the shunt-current on the outside of I attracted by the increase of magnetism in the electro-magncts A A A, thus opening the cir cuit to the line wire around the other pair diagonally opposite the field rnagnets say No. 2 and No. lleaving the coarse wire of the fieldmagnets to perform the work of maintaining the lamps in circuit unaided by the shunt circuit or current flowing through the fine wire on the outside of the field-magnets. A still further removal of lamps or lights from the circuit will cause a further attraction of the weaker armaturesay l -which has already closed the upper platina point on the key F against the lower platina point of the stop H, (the adjustment of the upper adjustable platin-a points of the brackets I and I being such as to close the points on the keys F and F with the lower platina points of the stops H and II first, thus requiring an increase of magnetism or attraction in the electro-niagnets A A A, to spring the keys F and F,

which are elastic, to close the upper platina points on the upper side of the armature F and F against the upper adjustable platina points of the brackets I and I,) to form a connection with the upper point of armature F, with the upper adjustable platina point in the bracket 1, thus sending the derived or shunt circuit through the hue wire ,on the outside of the coarse wire, forming the field-n1agnetssay No. 1. and No, 3of one pair of diagonally-opposite fields in a direction opposite to that flowing through the coarse wire of the same field-mag nets, which neutralizes the magnetism of that pair of diagonally-opposite field-magnets to the extent of the resistance in the main line, inducing a correspondingly less amount of current in the armature of the dynamo-electric machine, requiring less work on the part of the engine, and saving of fuel under the boilers. A continued reduction of lampsin circuit brings into action the second currentreversing mechanism, reversing the direction of the current flowing through the other di agonally-opposite pair of field-magnets in the fine wire wound on the outside of them, thus neutralizing the magnetism.

It is plain to be seen that the combined neutralizing eifects of all four of the fine-wire coils will leave a field of force capable of inducing but a smallamount of current in the armature of the dynamo-electric machine. Now, to suddenly switch into circuit any number of lamps momentarily causes a decrease of current in the line; hence a loss of magnetic attraction in the magnets A A A, causing them toallow the spiral springs S and S by their tension to draw down the armatures, and keys to close their points of platina in contact with the upper points of the stops H and II, and the lower adjustable platina points of the brackets I and I, changing the direction of the current in the fine wire on the outside of the field-magnets to the same direction as ICO .-reasc ot'indnetion in the rotating armature of the machine until all the lights in the cit cuit are again lighttjid to or near to their nor mal are, the derived or shunt circuit on the outside of the iields and thecoarse wire on the inside of the same tields both operating mutually, of course any intermediate action to be governed by bringing either one of the reversing-armatures into operation.

.It plain to be seen that there can possibly be no permanent iiolarization ot' the iron cores oi" the field-magnets, as a slowing of the engine will cause the armatures ot the reversing mechanism to send a derived current through the tinc-wire coils in the outside in the same direction as the coarse wire, z'icting mutually with each other in magnetizing the field-magnet cores.

l l'aving described my invention, what l desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. An automatic currentaregulator for d namo-electrie machines, composed ol' any suit able form of current-breaking, vibrating, and current-reversing meclniinism connected in a derived circuit or shunt from the mainline or lamp circuit, operated by one or more lowrcsistance elcctro-magnets connected in the main-line or lamp circuit, having the derived or shuntcircuittln'ongh the current-breaking, vibrating, and current-reversing mechanism so connected as to pass through a set of line wire coils wound on the outside of the coarse wire torming the field-magnet coils of any term of dynanio-electrie machine, the fine wire on the outside of the field-magnets being wound in the same direction as the coarse wire and connected together in diagonallyoppositc pairs to produce magnets of unlike polarity, but of the same polarity as is produced by the coarse wire, for the purpose of automatically regulating the current induced 1 1n the armature ot such dynamo-electrle machine and supplied to the lamp-circuit, specified and set forth.

The field-magnet coils of a dynamo-eke tric machine, made ot' a number of turns ol' ing wound on their outside and in the same direction a greater number of turns of line wire, connected together in diagoiialty opposite pairs and supplied from a derived or shunt circuit from the main-line or lamp circuit through any suitable form of current-lnkeaking, vibrating, and current-rcversing meclr anism operated by one or more low-resistance electro-magnets connected in the main-line or lamp circuit for the purpose of automatically regulating the current induced in the armature ol'the dynamo-electric machine, and supplied to the lamp-circuit, as s1'iecitied and set forth.

3, A dyijiamo-electric machine having its field-magnet coils formed of a number of turns of coarse insulated copper wire connected in series, and in the main-line or lamp circuit, so as to make the coarse wire a part of the mainline or lamp circuit, with a greater number of turns ofiine wire wound in the same direction on the outside of the coarse wire, and so connected together as to make the iron cores of the tiehtmagnets the same polarity as the coarse wire, but connected together in diagonallyopposite pairs, and supplied .l'rom a derived or shunt circuit from the 1nain-line or lamp circuit, in combii'lation with any suit able form of current-breaking, vibrating, and current-reversing mechanism, composed ol one or more low-resistance electroamignets connected in the main-line or lamp circuit operating such mechanism.

In testimony whereof I a'itix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

.TOHX lDDlVARD \VATSON.

\Vitnesses:

G'Eo. S. ALLi'soN, LoUIs'n .V. .sromnzuiicinz. 

